Two questions:
1. What do you call words such as "the", "some", "a", "every", "any" etc?
2. What about words like "at", "to", "in", "over" etc? I think it's preposition words of something.
1. Articles and Determiners
2. Adpositions
When they come before the noun (like English), they are 'Prepositions', but when they are after the noun, they are 'Postpositions'. Their collective term is 'Adpositions'.